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Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow ::

Mount Vesuvius, a volcano located between the ancient Italian cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum, has received much attention because of its frequent and destructive eruptions. The most famous of these eruptions occurred in A. D. 79.

The volcano had been inactive for centuries. There was little warning of the coming eruption,although one account unearthed by archaeologists says that a hard rain and a strong wind had disturbed the celestial calm during the preceding night. Early the next morning, the volcano poured a huge river of molten rock down upon Herculaneum, completely burying the city and filling in the harbor with coagulated lava.

Meanwhile, on the other side of the mountain, cinders, stone and ash rained down on Pompeii.Sparks from the burning ash ignited the combustible rooftops quickly. Large portions of the city were destroyed in the conflagration. Fire, however, was not the only cause of destruction.Poisonous sulphuric gases saturated the air. These heavy gases were not buoyant in the atmosphere and therefore sank toward the earth and suffocated people.

Over the years, excavations of Pompeii and Herculaneum have revealed a great deal about the behavior of the volcano. By analyzing data, much as a zoologist dissects a specimen animal,scientist have concluded that the eruption changed large portions of the area's geography. For instance, it turned the Sarno River from its course and raised the level of the beach along the Bay of Naples. Meteorologists studying these events have also concluded that Vesuvius caused a huge tidal wave that affected the world's climate.

In addition to making these investigations, archaeologists have been able to study the skeletons of victims by using distilled water to wash away the volcanic ash. By strengthening the brittle bones with acrylic paint, scientists have been able to examine the skeletons and draw conclusions about the diet and habits of the residents. Finally, the excavations at both Pompeii and Herculaneum have yielded many examples of classical art, such as jewelry made of bronze,which is an alloy of copper and tin.

The eruption of Mount Vesuvius and its tragic consequences have provided us with a wealth of data about the effects that volcanoes can have on the surrounding area. Today volcanologists can locate and predict eruptions, saving lives and preventing the destruction of cities and cultures.

Q1. Herculaneum and its harbor were buried under _lava.
A. liquid
B. solid
C. flowing
D. gas
E. answer not available

Q2. The poisonous gases were not _ in the air.
A. able to float
B. visible
C. able to evaporate
D. invisible
E. able to condense

Q3. Scientists analyzed data about Vesuvius in the same way that a zoologist _ a specimen.
A. describes in detail
B. studies by cutting apart
C. photographs
D. chart
E. answer not available

Q4. have concluded that the volcanic eruption caused a tidal wave.
A. Scientist who study oceans
B. Scientist who study atmospheric conditions
C. Scientist who study ash
D. Scientist who study animal behavior
E. Answer not available in article

Q5. Scientist have used _water to wash away volcanic ash from the skeletons of victims.
A. bottled
B. volcanic
C. purified
D. sea
E. fountain

(Infosys Question)

last reply by CpjJwWHV • 11 years ago • asked by CpjJwWHV

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Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow ::

After adapting Phoenician graphic-alphabet in 900 BC, the Greek employed a vowel system and added 6 more letters (Ω omega, ψ psi, φ phi, € eta, theta, Z zeta) to make it a 24 letter alphabet.

Earlier, β was pronounced as ‘b’. Now in Modern Greek it is pronounced as ‘v’.It took a long time to develop the letter. There were many Greek dialects and there were certain differences in their style of writing. Lastly the lonian style of lettering was adopted. In general and after 400 BC the letters became uniform. The literature and art flourished mainly in the classical Greek period.

Although the dialects of Greek were mutually intelligible within a normal limit of understanding,the pronunciation of words and accents differed from period to period and from dialect to dialects. The short and long sounds of vowels also varied in different dialects and the political situations in the country also brought many changes with the inter migration of the dialects. But,during the establishment of Alexander’s empire in the 4th century BC and after the breakdown of old political barriers, uniformity took place in the spoken language. This form of language was called the Koine (means the common language) or Hellenistic Greek (400BC- 600AD).

It replaced the other dialects and the speaking and writing systems were much standardized.Grammar also changed in different periods. A change of language is noticed in the writings of Plato and Demosthenes. The spoken language still kept on changing even during the period of Byzantine empire(500-1500AD) and the written language kept on improving which created a big rift between the local vernacular and the literary greek. This situation gave birth to a separate kind of “demotic” language of general everyday use.

All the major phonological and grammatical changes which are seen between koine and the modern greek mostly happened within this period. Earlier there were 3 numbers for pronouns and verbs, singular, dual and plural. Then “dual” was dropped and only singular and plural were left.

From ancient Greek to modern Greek the formation of many words were also changed. For example the ancient Greek word pente(5) became pende, hepta and octo (7 and 8) became efta and okhto, paidia(boys) became pedhya and so on. There were also semantic changes in certain words just as : the word alogho which was previously meant irrational, later it meant “horse”,“skiazome” which previously meant “I am in shadow”, later it meant “ I fear”.

The vocabulary of greek language consists of local collections and borrowings. Considering the origin of Greeks , there were many Mycenaean words in 2nd millennium BC whose original form corresponded to certain greek words like Leon (Lion), onos (Ass), plephas (ivory) etc.

By using pre-verbs, by forming compounds and by adding prefixes or suffixes to this prime words they enriched their vocabulary. Later on they also borrowed a considerable number of word from other sources, such as, Italian, Turkish, French and also Latin.

Q1.What is the drawback of the Greek dialects in spite of their being intelligible?
a)it employed a vowel system
b)it took a long time to develop the letter
c)the pronounciation ans accept different from period to period and from dialect to dialect
d)There were difference in their style of writing

Q2.There came uniformity in the language with
a)The breakdown of old political barriers in the 4th century B.C. during the establishment of
Alexander’s empire
b)the variation in the long and short vowels
c)the changes that had occurred in the grammar
d)the intermigration of dialeces

Q3.What was the cause of the rift between the local vernacular and the literary Greek?
a)the change in the writing of Plato and Demosthenss
b)the adoption of the Phoenician graphic alphabet
c)the differences in the style of writing of Greeek dialects
d)the spoken language kept changing while there was improvement with the written language

Q4.How was the vocabulary of the Greek language enriched?
a)by forming compounds,using pre-verbs and adding prefixes and suffixes to the main words
b)by local collections and borrowings
c)with the use of of many Mycehaean words
d)with the semantic changes in certain words

Q5.Which of the following statements is/are true,according to the passage?
1)many European language have words borrowed from the Greek
2)demotic language came into being because of the rift between the vernacular and the literary form of Greek
3)In the Modern Greek,there is only one dialect
a)1 only
b)2 only
c)1 & 3
d)3 only

(Infosys Question)

last reply by CpjJwWHV • 11 years ago • asked by CpjJwWHV

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Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow ::

Marie Curie was one of the most accomplished scientists in history. Together with her husband, Pierre, she discovered radium, an element widely used for treating cancer, and studied uranium and other radioactive substances. Pierre and Marie's amicable collaboration later helped to unlock the secrets of the atom.
Marie was born in 1867 in Warsaw, Poland, where her father was a professor of physics. At the early age, she displayed a brilliant mind and a blithe personality. Her great exuberance for learning prompted her to continue with her studies after high school. She became disgruntled, however, when she learned that the university in Warsaw was closed to women. Determined to receive a higher education, she defiantly left Poland and in 1891 entered the Sorbonne, a French university, where she earned her master's degree and doctorate in physics.
Marie was fortunate to have studied at the Sorbonne with some of the greatest scientists of her day, one of whom was Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre were married in 1895 and spent many productive years working together in the physics laboratory. A short time after they discovered radium, Pierre was killed by a horse-drawn wagon in 1906. Marie was stunned by this horrible misfortune and endured heartbreaking anguish. Despondently she recalled their close relationship and the joy that they had shared in scientific research. The fact that she had two young daughters to raise by herself greatly increased her distress.
Curie's feeling of desolation finally began to fade when she was asked to succeed her husband as a physics professor at the Sorbonne. She was the first woman to be given a professorship at the world-famous university. In 1911 she received the Nobel Prize in chemistry for isolating radium.
Although Marie Curie eventually suffered a fatal illness from her long exposure to radium, she never became disillusioned about her work. Regardless of the consequences, she had dedicated herself to science and to revealing the mysteries of the physical world.

Q1. The Curies' __ collaboration helped to unlock the secrets of the atom.
A. friendly
B. competitive
C. courteous
D. industrious
E. chemistry

Q2. Marie had a bright mind and a personality.
A. strong
B. lighthearted
C. humorous
D. strange
E. envious

Q3. When she learned that she could not attend the university in Warsaw, she felt_.
A. hopeless
B. annoyed
C. depressed
D. worried
E. none of the above

Q4. Marie _ by leaving Poland and traveling to France to enter the Sorbonne.
A. challenged authority
B. showed intelligence
C. behaved
D. was distressed
E. answer not available in article

Q5. _she remembered their joy together.
A. Dejectedly
B. Worried
C. Tearfully
D. Happily
E. Sorrowfully

Q6. Her began to fade when she returned to the Sorbonne to succeed her husband.
A. misfortune
B. anger
C. wretchedness
D. disappointment
E. ambition

Q7. Even though she became fatally ill from working with radium, Marie Curie was never .
A. troubled
B. worried
C. disappointed
D. sorrowful
E. disturbed

(Infosys Question)

last reply by CpjJwWHV • 10 years ago • asked by CpjJwWHV

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Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow ::

Thinking out of the box is one skill, among all other skills, that has shot to prominence. How about a novel approach to help think differently, or out of the box? Crossword-solving is one of the lesser-known approaches to thinking differently. A crossword grid usually has white & black squares in the ratio of 70:30 and sufficient no. of across and down clues to help you fill the white ones. Just as in any other game, one needs a strategy to solve a cross word. A seasoned cross word solver rarely reads the clues in the order presented.
As part of the game plan or strategy to avoid straight jacketed thinking, the solver usually ha s a quick glance at the structure of the grid and at the clues to “get the feel” of the greed and forms a quick strategy to solve the crossword. The best part is that with every new grid, the solver has an opportunity to apply a new strategy and learn from past experiences, thereby refining his thinking process and pattern. It is this self-assessment & self feedback that makes solving crossword so fulfilling and amusing.
The crossword is one of those rare games that test your knowledge and interest in any and every area of life. Conventional education and work pressure leaves us little time to catch up with a lot of things that exists in this world, thereby limiting our arena of thought. Crossword- solvers get a wonderful chance to delve into newer vistas of life, expanding their mental arena each day.
The tidbit of information one acquires essentially does two things: makes the solver realize how little he knows of the world outside his own and a bit more humble. With the brain introduced to
newer and newer wor(l)ds with every new grid, the solver essentially is “expanding the size of the box”. The beauty of a crossword lies in the quality of its clues. A good crossword grid provides clues that strive to tease and challenge the mind to think at a tangent. It demands of you to appreciate different meanings of the same thing still known in management jargon as
creativity and innovation.
In fact a good crossword has clues that tax your brain for quite a while and, when you eventually crack them, you tell yourself “wasn’t that obvious?”. Let’s take an example. Clue: salty letters (AL).Just in case you couldn’t crack that, the answer is NACL. Similarly the answer for the clue “Makeup man” could be LIAR. It is evident smart clues make you think tangentially or out of the box.
Crossword challenge over-confidence. One may solve numerous crosswords and gradually develop preconceived notions about a particular clue, not knowing that this time it may be
different. For example, you may know that the answer for the clue “Capital of India(5)” is Delhi.However it is also a possibility that the answer is Rupee. If you think you have learnt the trick,try this one: three-letter word for “Capital of Zimbabwe”.
Well, don’t get annoyed, the answer is “Zee”. So solving crosswords asks us to challenge our own time-tested assumptions. It demand thinking out of a different box. While crosswords can help us think differently, that holds true only for god quality crosswords. Lay off grids that you crack in a jiffy. Even if some clues look Region-specific, the quality of a crossword makes it worth the effort. While a good vocabulary helps solve crosswords, it is a misconception to believe that one can’t do without it.
Solving crosswords is much more about thinking than it is about memorizing words and their meanings. All said and done, you need enormous patience and diligence to really get the best out
of solving crosswords. As with life, good things take a long time to happen.

Q1.With the brain introduced to newer and newer words with every new grid,the solver essentially is “expanding the size of the box”.What do you infer from this statement?
a)Crosswords differ in size.
b)we get to enrich our vocabulary by solving crosswords.
c)A regular crossword solver expands his knowledge of the world through words.
d)Our conventional education does not help us explore the world.

Q2. How can can make up man and LIAR be related?
a)A make up man can disgusted people and fool others
b)When a person makes up something,it means he is trying to utter falsehoods to save his skin
c)When you cannot be present somewhere you make up for your absence by sending someone else.
d)When you have missed classes you make up by studying harder

Q3. According to the author you need all the following to solve crosswords EXCEPT?
a)A great deal of patience b)A passion for solving them
c)great knowledge d)A good vocabulary

Q4. It can be inferred from the passage that
a)The author is passionate about crosswords b)Today’s youth has no patience for crosswords
c)Crosswords are a waste of time d)Crosswords have lost their orginality

Q5. The idiom to think out of the box in the passage means
a)to be conventional
b)to be overconfident
c)to be able to decipher different connotations of any stated thing
d)not to look clues

(Infosys Question)

last reply by CpjJwWHV • 11 years ago • asked by CpjJwWHV

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Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow ::

In the sixteenth century, an age of great marine and terrestrial exploration, Ferdinand Magellan led the first expedition to sail around the world. As a young Portuguese noble, he served the king of Portugal, but he became involved in the quagmire of political intrigue at court and lost the king's favor. After he was dismissed from service to the king of Portugal, he offered to serve the future Emperor Charles V of Spain.
A papal decree of 1493 had assigned all land in the New World west of 50 degrees W longitude to Spain and all the land east of that line to Portugal. Magellan offered to prove that the East
Indies fell under Spanish authority. On September 20, 1519, Magellan set sail from Spain with five ships. More than a year later, one of these ships was exploring the topography of South America in search of a water route across the continent. This ship sank, but the remaining four ships searched along the southern peninsula of South America.
Finally they found the passage they sought near a latitude of 50 degrees S. Magellan named this passage the Strait of All Saints, but today we know it as the Strait of Magellan.
One ship deserted while in this passage and returned to Spain, so fewer sailors were privileged to gaze at that first panorama of the Pacific Ocean. Those who remained crossed the meridian we now call the International Date Line in the early spring of 1521 after ninety-eight days on the Pacific Ocean. During those long days at sea, many of Magellan's men died of starvation and disease.
Later Magellan became involved in an insular conflict in the Philippines and was killed in a tribal battle. Only one ship and seventeen sailors under the command of the Basque navigator Elcano survived to complete the westward journey to Spain and thus prove once and for all that the world is round, with no precipice at the edge.

1.The sixteenth century was an age of great _exploration.
A. cosmic
B. land
C. mental
D. common man
E. none of the above

2. Magellan lost the favor of the king of Portugal when he became involved in a political _.
A. entanglement
B. discussion
C. negotiation
D. problems
E. none of the above

3. The Pope divided New World lands between Spain and Portugal according to their location on
one side or the other of an imaginary geographical line 50 degrees west of Greenwich that
extends in a _ direction.
A. north and south
B. crosswise
C. easterly
D. south east
E. north and west

4. One of Magellan's ships explored the _ of South America for a passage across the continent.
A. coastline
B. mountain range
C. physical features
D. islands
E. none of the above

5. Four of the ships sought a passage along a southern _.
A. coast
B. inland
C. body of land with water on three sides
D. border
E. answer not available

6. The passage was found near 50 degrees S of _.
A. Greenwich
B. The equator
C. Spain
D. Portugal
E. Madrid

7. In the spring of 1521, the ships crossed the ___ now called the International Date Line.
A. imaginary circle passing through the poles
B. Imaginary line parallel to the equator
C. area
D. land mass
E. answer not found in article

(Infosys Question)

last reply by CpjJwWHV • 13 years ago • asked by CpjJwWHV

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